how much was a guinea worth in 1950

Therefore, a guinea was approximately $5.25. Why a dollar today is worth only 5% of a dollar in 1940 Updated: November 10, 2021. The edge of the coin is milled diagonally. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Ian earned his degree in Computer science from Dartmouth College. 1,950 GBP = 2,435.68 USD at the rate on 2022-06-04. This is the same as 1.05 in modern money. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. There have been many iterations of the guinea beginning in the reign of William and Mary with the final examples minted during the reign of George III. how much was a guinea worth in 1950. how much was a guinea worth in 1950. how much was a guinea worth in 1950 Replacement by the pound In the Great Recoinage of 1816, the guinea was replaced by the pound as the major unit of currency, and in coinage by the sovereign. The guinea is a coin that held a face value of One pound and One shilling (1.05p in decimal currency) but, at different times in history, was worth more or even less. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Alternatively, if you actually had a good condition gold guinea from the 1700s, you probably should sell it to a coin collector. From the end of the 19th century the crown was largely a commemorative coin, and remains so today. When was the Guinea first pressed in gold? Begin typing your search term above and press enter to search. 25 guineas was worth 25 x 1/1s = 26/5 s Golden guineas were m. A guinea is worth 21shillings (old money) or 105pence (new money) patrick mc mullan answered. The French Revolution and the subsequent French Revolutionary Wars had drained gold reserves and people started hoarding coins. Unlike the two-guinea and five-guinea coins, production of the guinea continued through much of the long reign of King George III. See inflation summary for latest 12-month trailing value. What are the jumps called in show jumping? Copyright 2023 ElegantQuestion.com | All rights reserved. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. This outcome explains how aggrandizement erodes the value of a pound over time. If you have additional questions or require more information about our Privacy Policy, do not hesitate to contact us. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Copy. What was the value of a guinea in British currency? This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. How Much Is A Guinea Worth In American Dollars. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. The pound had an average inflation rate of 5.12% per year between 1950 and today, producing a cumulative price increase of 3,551.14% . Half guinea - Wikipedia PDF HISTORICAL GOLD PRICES - 1833 to Present Value: $14.5 - $3K. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. One Guinea of 1800 = approximately 1 pound of 1800 => One pound of 1800 = approximately 60 sterling pounds of 2010 => 60 sterling pounds of 2010 = approximately 90 USD of 2010. [4], In the Great Recoinage of 1816, the guinea was demonetised and the word "guinea" became a colloquial or specialised term. At the time of writing, gold is worth approximately 860 per troy ounce, and a Guinea weighs 8.3 g (a quarter of a troy ounce). $250 dollars in 1920 would be $3,082.65 today. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. In 1813 it was necessary to strike 80,000 guineas to pay the Duke of Wellington's army in the Pyrenees, as the local people would accept only gold in payment. in 2017, an increase of 41,486.17 over 97 years. how much was a guinea worth in 1800. designer greetings store (8) bruno restaurant menu (4) how to remove extra table in word (4) dodge city community college volleyball schedule (3) surprised by the power of the spirit pdf (2) how much is injustice 2 on playstation store (1) latavius murray college (9) renaud lavillenie injury (294) The name came from the Guinea region in West Africa, from where much of the gold used to make the coins was sourced. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. In 1860, George A . Therefore, a guinea was approximately $5.25. The guineas of this reign weighed 8.5g (0.30oz), were 2526mm (0.981.02in) in diameter, and were the work of James and Norbert Roettiers. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Click to visit. how much was a guinea worth in 1950. brussel sprouts and cauliflower casserole. Saudi Guinea: Originally issued in 1950, or the Islamic year 1370 after the Hejira, this coin was based on the British sovereign. how much was a guinea worth in 1920. Although the coin itself no longer circulated, the term guinea survived as a unit of account in some fields. Queen Victoria era UK halfpenny values - 1837 to 1901. The official currency used in Guinea is the Guinean franc. How Well-Rounded In Robotics Are You? This is the same as 1.05 in modern money. Was an annual wage of 25 pounds per year in 1780 much compared to the wage rates at the time? currently under construction. One troy pound of .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}1112 (0.9133)[citation needed] fine gold (22 carat or 0.9167 pure by weight) would make 44+12 guineas,[5] each thus theoretically weighing 129.438 grains (8.385 grams crown gold, 7.688 grams fine gold, or 0.247191011 ozt (troy ounces) fine gold). At today's prices the pound is worth $1.41. A guinea was a gold coin worth 1 pound, 1 shilling. How much is it worth and where should I sell it many years ago I was offered 1000 for it 2021-04-23 09:54:30 Reply. [2] The name came from the Guinea region in West Africa, from where much of the gold used to make the coins was sourced. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. 2 How much is a guinea worth in todays money? King George II's guinea pieces are a complex issue, with eight obverses and five reverses used through the 33 years of the reign. This issue has become known as the Military Guinea. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Peter O'malley Dodgers Net Worth, View historical and today's current inflation rates, using the CPI provided by the United . The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". How much is a guinea worth in 1920? Wagle Estate, Thane-400604, Maharashtra, India. This is the same as 1.05 in modern money. Eamonn Flynn, Blanchardstown Dublin. 0.0102761 USD What is the closest relative to a hamster? The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". How much is a guinea worth in todays money? The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. By default the WiFi 6 Huawei HG8145X6 device works as a wireless Optical Network Terminal ONT or a 2-in-1 device which combines router and Optical Network, 2 . How do you describe the shape of a molecule? This chart shows a calculation of buying power equivalence for 1,000 in 1920 (price index tracking began in 1750). This policy is not applicable to any information collected offline or via channels other than this website. A shilling was also called a bob but only for whole shillings. Currency Exchange Rate to U.S. Dollar for Equatorial Guinea . The pound had an average inflation rate of 3.97% per year between 1919 and today, producing a cumulative price increase of 5,196.58%. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. 4 What is the difference between Guinea and pound? At stevehacks.com, accessible from stevehacks.com, one of our main priorities is the privacy of our visitors. Multiply the above values by 2. June 8, 2022; how old was john gotti when he died; cms cameron mckenna nabarro olswang llp contact number . A guinea was worth 1,1s (one pound and one shilling). How do you calculate working capital for a construction company? Latest News. Convert British Pounds to US Dollars (GBP/USD) What is a Guinea Anyone interested and if so, at what sort of price One pound was equal to 20 shillings, one shilling was equal to 12 pence, and so one pound was equal to 240 pence. The British gold Guinea coin was no longer issued after 1813, but it continued to be used as a value in the currency, and still is today in some businesses. creative synonyms in different languages 0 Comments . [12] The guinea was used in a similar way in Australia until that country converted to decimal currency in 1966, after which it became worth A$2.10. Etiqa Car Insurance Johor Bahru 2021 Johor Johor Bahru Car Insurance Frozen Food Foods Supply Suppliers 29 Jalan Perniagaan Setia 11 Taman Perniagaan Setia 81100 Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia. Posted on . A guinea was worth 1,1s (one pound and one shilling). Dog License Fee Surrey Bc, The coins weighed 8.38.4grams, were 2526 millimetres in diameter, and the average gold purity was 0.9135. wishglobals Blog Large Image Uncategorized how much was a guinea worth in 1950. How much is 30 Ginnys in todays money? The obverse and reverse of this coin were designed by John Roettiers (1631c. It's based on the amount and purity of the gold or silver in the coin. Before gold and silver were discovered in the West in the mid-1800s, the United States lacked a sufficient quantity of precious metals for minting coins. May 21 2021. naugatuck high school football coach. So a guinea in dollars on the 24 th March 2018 would of been worth 149. 4 What was the value of Guinea in Victorian times? . Where did the five guinea coin come from? That means that you just need 1 device to connect to the Internet rather than the 2 router and ONU typically needed. 2 photo. Ian Webster is an engineer and information expert based in San Mateo, California. Write your answer. At the time of writing - 1 st of March 2020 - the price of one ounce of gold stands at 1237. June 14, 2022 how much was a guinea worth in 1950. Obverse. A price of 39 guineas might look like "about 39". 108/5 1 . . . 70160. The 2017 aggrandizement rate is college compared to the average inflation rate of 3.xviii% per year betwixt 2017 and 2022. [7], The coin was produced every year between 1663 and 1684, with an elephant appearing on some coins[4] each year from 1663 to 1665 and 1668, and the elephant with a howdah on other coins minted from 1674 or 1675 onwards. Therefore, a Guinea contains 7.55 grams of pure gold. Also, one guinea was equivalent to Pounds . The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. What is meant by the competitive environment? These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. The coins were produced in all years of the reign except 1742, 1744, 1754, and 1757. What was the value of the guinea coin in 1667? Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. 26 x 69 = 1794. Saudi Arabia Gold One Guinea Coins have a face value of 40 Riyals as legal tender in the Kingdom. Although guinea coins had not been made for a long time, prices often continued to be shown in guineas until British prices became decimal in 1971. . How much is a guinea worth in 1930? For a collector, however, a genuine gold guinea of any era is worth more than its weight in gold. The guinea (/ n i /; commonly abbreviated gn., or gns. A pound in 1952 is about 22.50 now so a morris minor would have cost 631 which is the equivalent of 14,000 now. Following the Act of Union between Great Britain and Ireland in 1800, the king's titles changed, and an Order in Council of 5 November 1800 directed the Master of the Mint to prepare a new coinage, but although designs were prepared, the production of guineas was not authorised. My dad told me that 8 in the 1950s would be about 1000 so a 1 would proberly be worth about 125, Shouldn't the question, for the sake of disambiguation, be "How many pounds would be needed today to have the same buying power of a pound in 1950?". How Much Is A Guinea Worth In Today's Money. A guinea was worth 1,1s (one pound and one shilling). These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Coin value - $3-4 . Calculates inflation to see what a U.S. dollar was worth in the past and today. In 1732 the old hammered gold coinage was demonetised, and it is thought that some of the old coins were melted down to create more guineas. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Because a guinea was close to a pound, putting prices in guineas made the price seem less. At the time of writing, gold is worth approximately 860 per troy ounce, and a Guinea weighs 8.3 g (a quarter of a troy ounce). Queen Elizabeth II era UK penny values, pre-decimal, 1953 to 1967. A guinea (first issued on February 6th, 1663) was sometimes used as a unit of account. When we get a look at average monthly net salaries, we begin to understand the concept of cost of living. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. 2. a gold coin of Great Britain issued from 1663 to 1813, with a nominal value of 20 shillings. A guinea (first issued on February 6th, 1663) was sometimes used as a unit of account. The value of the guinea had fluctuated over the years from 20 to 30 shillings and back down to 21 shillings and sixpence by the start of George's reign. No Comments . No Comments . 15.53%. A Guinea was worth 1/1 shilling (one pound and 1 shilling, or 1.05 p in decimal). Bullion Value: Bullion value depends on one thing and one thing only: precious metals. . A Guinea is a 22 carat gold coin that weighs 8.3g and, as is the case with other gold bullion coins, its value is calculated by multiplying its gold content by the current gold spot price. Please visit the link below. printable activities for 7 year olds Facebook; ncees fe reference handbook pdf Twitter; denver public schools calendar 2020-21 Google; walter payton net worth at death Instagram; christian farewell message Youtube Youtube The 200th QIPCO 1000 Guineas this year is worth 400,000 in prize-money. A guinea was considered a more gentlemanly amount . Many major horse races in Great Britain, Ireland, Canada, New Zealand and Australia bear names ending in "Guineas", even though the nominal values of their purses today are much higher than the 1,050 or 2,100 suggested by their names. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Gold guinea 466 silver shilling 22 and copper half penny 1. The guinea was a coin of approximately one quarter ounce of gold that was minted in Great Britain between 1663 and 1814. It had a nominal face value of around 20 shillings the equivalent of a pound in todays money although this value fluctuated as high as 30 shillings. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. The pound had an average inflation rate of 3.86% per year between 1920 and today, producing a cumulative price increase of 4,662.35%.. Five Guinea coin, James II, Great Britain, 1688. It would be . How much was a guinea worth in Victorian times? Towards the end of the century gold began to become scarce and rise in value. 1950 UK shilling value. 1 shilling (1s. PDF Inflation: the Value of the Pound 1750-1998 The FRF conversion factor has 6 significant digits. [4] The elephant, with or without a howdah, was the emblem of the Royal African Company (RAC), which had been granted a monopoly on English trade with Africa in slaves, gold and other goods, from 1672 until 1698; gold imported from Africa by the RAC bore the elephant emblem beneath the monarch's head on the coin.[8]. Annual Rate, the Function for National Statistics CPI. How much was a guinea worth in pre decimal pence. A Guinea contains 7.7 grams of gold, so it's worth today is valued firstly on it's metal value alone. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Other Victorian words to do with currency:-. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Dollars At todays exchange rate of 0.643030 pounds to the dollar, this would convert to. How Much Is A Guinea In Dollars. How much is 30 Ginnys in todays money? This means that todays , What is a 1920 British shilling coin worth? This is the same as 1.05 in modern money. The name came from the Guinea region in West Africa, from where much of the gold used to make the coins was sourced. 1920 Penny Value Victoria Sovereign Coins (1837-1901 In 1870 Mr. R. B. Richardson entered into partnership with Jewett to form the "W. Value of a dollar. Calculate the Value of $100 in 1920. 1700). The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". The guinea had an aristocratic overtone, so professional fees, and prices of land, horses, art, bespoke tailoring, furniture, white goods and other "luxury" items were often quoted in guineas until a couple of years after decimalisation in 1971. It was the first English gold coin to be produced by a machine. A guinea was worth 1,1s (one pound and one shilling). Therefore, a guinea was approximately $5.25. The guinea was used in a similar way in Australia until that country converted to decimal currency in 1966, after which it became worth A$2.10. how much was a guinea worth in 1950. what lottery has the best odds in ontario; dora dolphin birthday; shooting rest for hunting; cool military callsigns; A series of fortunate events July 20, 2020. The coin was originally worth twenty shillings (one pound), but an increase in the price of gold during the reign of King Charles II led to the market trading it at a premium. In the 1930s, the exchange rate was about 5 U.S. dollars to one pound Sterling. When 50p coins were introduced in about 1968, I kept two of them in the hope that their value would increase. To get the total aggrandizement rate for the 97 years between 1920 and 2017, nosotros utilize the post-obit formula: CPI in 2017 CPI in 1920 In each case a guinea meant an amount of one pound and one shilling (21 shillings), or one pound and five pence (1.05) in decimalised currency. The diameter was 2526mm (0.981.02in) until 1700 and 2627mm (1.021.06in) in 1701. Read . Notable usages included professional fees (medical, legal, etc. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Today the equivalent would be 1 Pound 5 Pence. Q: How much would 1 Guinea be worth in 1920? However I'm sure that there is a market for old 1 notes and that you could get considerably more than a pound from a collector. 5 When was the guinea coin replaced by the pound? The Consumer Toll Alphabetize, normally used to compute aggrandizement, has only been tracked since 1988. Ikes struck in 1975 and 1976 both have the "bicentennial" 1776-1976 date on them. GOLD SOVEREIGN 1853 Victoria Young Head Shield W.W. Raised Spink 3852C EF #2558. Because a guinea was close to a pound, putting prices in guineas made the price seem less. Great Britain 1/2 and 1 Guinea 1804 to 1813. was 20 shillings. Indeed, in his diary entries for 13 June 1667, Samuel Pepys records that the price was 24 to 25 shillings. The name came from the Guinea region in West Africa, where much of the gold used to make the coins originated. Press ESC to cancel. Currency Plus the 5 shillings, or 25p in today's money, another 17, so about 1,811. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". The coins of William III's reign weighed 8.4g (0.27ozt) with an average gold purity of 0.9123. This is the same as 1.05 in modern money. For example, in 1667, the famous diarist Samuel Pepys recorded the guinea as having a value of 24 or 25 shillings. how much was a guinea worth in 1950 . The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. How much is a guinea worth in 1930? It was the first English machine-struck gold coin, originally worth one pound . 2 How much is a pound in 1900. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. (ni) noun. 25 guineas was worth 25 x 1/1s = 26/5 s Golden guineas were minted between 1663 1823, but remained in circulation for some time after they had ceased to be minted. Because a guinea was close to a pound, putting prices in guineas made the price seem less. In each case a guinea meant an amount of one pound and one shilling (21 shillings, 1.05 in decimal notation).[a]. A guinea was worth 1,1s (one pound and one shilling). The pound had a typical expansion pace of 4. Answer (1 of 14): One Guinea is 21 Shillings, pre 1921 a Shilling was the approximate equivalent to a Quarter in US currency, making a guinea valued at $5,25 under the pre world wars hard currency regime . Coins of each year were issued both with and without the elephant-and-castle mark. - lietaer.com. One such is the Guinea, a gold coin the first to be pressed in gold in Britain that was first seen in 1663, and was replaced by the pound in 1816. The difference (5p in each guinea) is traditionally the auctioneer's commission (which thus, effectively, amounts to 5% on top of the sales price free from commission). For a collector, however, a genuine gold guinea of any era is worth more than its weight in gold. what circuit court is broward county florida? The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". How does force affect the speed and direction of an object? The centre of the reverse design shows the Star of the Order of the Garter. So much so, it's hard to remember a time when buying a Rather, Note that prior to February 15, 1971 ("Decimal day," or "D-day"), monetary . Until the Union, the cruciform shields on the reverse showed the arms of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland in order, separated by sceptres and with a central rose, and the legend MAG BR FRA ET HIB REG ("Of Great Britain, France, and Ireland Queen") and the year. 1 guinea and a 5.0.0 note. The pound had an average inflation rate of 3.14% per year between 1860 and today, producing a cumulative price increase of 15,456.47%. Until 1669 the milling was perpendicular to the edge, giving vertical grooves, while from 1670 the milling was diagonal to the edge. At retail, the 1920 United. There were still guineas but its a bit easier to ascertain its value by going by its worth in shillings which seems to be about 21s. How much was 1k worth in 1950? I protested that I had two 1968 50p pieces and that a pint then cost much less than two shillings. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. How much would 250 in 1920 be worth today? Another monetary expression is a guinea which was 1-1s-od or 1.05.Money in Victorian England. It was the first English machine-struck gold coin, originally worth one pound sterling, equal to twenty shillings, but rises in the price of gold relative to silver caused the value of the guinea to increase, at times to as high as thirty shillings. What is $1k in 1950 worth in today's money? 100 in 1920 is equivalent in purchasing power to about 4,762.35 today, an increase of 4,662.35 over 102 years. a pound with an additional shilling. how much was a guinea worth in 1950 . Disappointed past the lack of clear resources on the impacts of aggrandizement on economic indicators, Ian believes this website serves equally a valuable public tool. To answer these questions the Historical Currency Converter uses a short-cut by comparing the worth of. My dad told me that 8 in the 1950s would be about 1000 so a 1 would proberly be worth about 125. Values, images, and specifications for one guinea coins from the UK, Great Britain, England, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, dependancies, and British colonies from 1801 to 1967. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. May 21 2021. naugatuck high school football coach. How much is a guinea worth in 2020? Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. A pound is equal to 20 shillings, a guinea is equal to 21-or at least they used to be, since guineas and shillings, strictly speaking, arent around anymore. A Guinea is a 22 carat gold coin that weighs 8.3g and, as is the case with other gold bullion coins, its value is calculated by multiplying its gold content by the current gold spot price. 1. a former money of account of the United Kingdom, equal to 21 shillings: still often used in quoting fees or prices. My dad told me that 8 in the 1950s would be about 1000 so a 1 would proberly be worth about 125. The inflation rate in 2017 was When was the guinea coin replaced by the pound? What was the amount of money in Victorian times? The inflation rate in 1920 was The pound had an average inflation charge per unit of. In the 1930s, the exchange rate was about 5 U.S. dollars to one pound Sterling. The FRF conversion factor has 6 significant digits. The guinea began as a coin with a value of 20 shillings as the pound is today but fluctuations in the price of gold meant its value varies. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. All inflation calculations after 1988 use the Function for National Statistics Consumer Price Index, except for 2017, which is based on The Depository financial institution of Englanddue south forecast. 56% each year among 1914 and today, creating a combined cost increment of 12,194. Why a dollar today is worth only 5% of a dollar in 1940 Updated: November 10, 2021. Special thanks to QuickChart for their nautical chart image API, which is used for chart downloads. In the 1930s, the exchange rate was about 5 U.S. dollars to one pound Sterling. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. 42,486.17. The British pound has lost 97% its value since 1950. Although guinea coins had not been made for a long time, prices often continued to be shown in guineas until British prices became decimal in 1971. October 12, 2022. Based on inflation alone, one 937 pound is worth about 69 today. This conversion table shows various other 1920 amounts in 2017 pounds, based on the four,148.62% modify in prices: Our calculations employ the following inflation charge per unit formula to calculate the change in value between 1920 and 2017: Then plug in historical CPI values. 100 in 1919 is equivalent in purchasing power to about 5,296.58 today, an increase of 5,196.58 over 102 years. in plural) was a coin, minted in Great Britain between 1663 and 1814, that contained approximately one-quarter of an ounce of gold. Values. Obviously, it would still be worth a pound. 8 How much was 50 cents 1900. 6 What was the value of the guinea coin in 1667? 10 Anson Road,#11-20, International Plaza, Singapore-079903. The obverse has a left-facing bust of the king with the legend GEORGIVS II DEI GRATIA (GEORGIUS II DEI GRA between 1739 and 1743), while the reverse features a single large crowned shield with the quarters containing the arms of England+Scotland, France, Hanover, and Ireland, and the legend M B F ET H REX F D B ET L D S R I A T ET E ("King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, Duke of Brunswick and Lneburg, Arch-Treasurer and Elector of the Holy Roman Empire").

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