which of the following is a pathogen quizlet

-The use of Personal passive, active the . 15. *IgM antibodies activate the complement and clump cells. They are both forms of an immune deficiency. epinephrine. Determine the free-vibration response of the triple pendulum shown in given figure for li=l(i=1,2,3)l_i=l(i=1,2,3)li=l(i=1,2,3) and mi=m(i=1,2,3)m_i=m(i=1,2,3)mi=m(i=1,2,3) for the initial conditions 1(0)=2(0)=0\theta_1(0)=\theta_2(0)=01(0)=2(0)=0, 3(0)=30,i(0)=0(i=1,2,3)\theta_3(0)=\theta_{30}, \dot{\theta}_i(0)=0(i=1,2,3)3(0)=30,i(0)=0(i=1,2,3). Blood is the only bodily fluid that can carry pathogens. Candida can invade tissue by producing the exoenzymes __________ and __________. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. Which of the following is NOT a pathogen? They use up nutrients and release wastes, preventing pathogenic bacteria from gaining a foothold. 16. They use up nutrients and release wastes, preventing pathogenic bacteria from gaining a foothold. Section: 07.02, Monocytes become what type of cell in the tissue? C. Plasmodium Is salt and pepper a heterogeneous mixture? Universal precautions Treating all human materials as if to be infected with bloodborne pathogens is called a. Section: 07.05, Which class of antibodies plays a role in activating the complement and clumping cells? Exoenzymes and toxins allow pathogens to invade host tissue and cause tissue damage. antiviral drugs can completely eradicate viral infections. Apply. interferon %PDF-1.5 The body can only be exposed to a pathogen a second time if you do not have a vaccine. Which of the following does NOT fit into the category of other potentially infectious materials? *In active immunity the individual produces antibodies against particular pathogens and in passive immunity the individual is given specific antibodies against a pathogen. True or False: Breast milk is considered a possible transmission source of bloodborne pathogens. OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1030 is directed towards which healthcare concern? Automatically remove your image background. The Shiga and diphtheria toxins target __________ in host cells. Which of the following choices lists the steps of pathogenesis in the correct order? It is produced by a gram-negative bacterium. Section: 07.05, Histamine, released during inflammation, is associated with which defense mechanism? They activate the complement system which punches holes in the invading pathogen. B. keeps the pie chilled before serving it. Section: 07.01. nonspecific B fungus. degrade nucleic acid to promote spread of pathogen, degrade cell membranes to allow pathogens to escape phagosomes. (a) The patient exhibits the signs and symptoms of the disease in both of these periods. What do "having the measles" and being vaccinated against the measles have in common? Describe the motion of air particles inside an inflated balloon. swelling False, True *The complement proteins "complement" certain other immune responses. B. Cryptococcus *Rheumatic fever is associated with an inflammatory response that can damage the heart muscle and valves. heat CINO2CINO_2CINO2 (NNN is the central atom), a harmful condition that is spread from one living thing to another. Section: 07.05, All autoimmune diseases are caused strictly by environmental factors such as viral infections. C Intestinal disorders a. the vehicle that carries the pathogen b. a person or population that comes in contact with a pathogen c. a person who has a party for friends and family d. the intermediate resevoir where the pathogen lives A person or population that comes in contact with a pathogen Organisms that lack chlorophyll and consist of reproductive spores and threadlike fibers represent what? You have recently identified a new toxin. *:Q ]+]lroYQ-Q$2B&qQ1pLOQ;tg# . Multiple Choice Cryptococcus neoformans causes a systemic infection primarily involving the gastrointestinal tract; this fungus always grows as a large. a. Leishmania (Leishmaniasis). False, True all of the following are true statements concerning mononucleosis except? Adhesins are usually located on __________ of the pathogen and are composed mainly of __________ and __________. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. Can you place a Media in multiple MediaPlayers? They cause an inflammatory response that kills pathogenic bacteria upon contact. IgE, IgE A biological or physical vehicle that carries an agent to a host describes a what? ____ 1. sebaceous secretions False, True Proper and regular hand washing is the key to the prevention of the spread of nosocomial infections, "According to the 2011 Tork Report, you come in contact with 300 surfaces every 30 minutes exposing you to ___________ germs! Section: 07.03, People with allergies do not produce IgE. helps other immune responses. On encountering the pathogen, B-cells differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies into our blood. produces T and B cells. possess fimbrae. 1. Which type of disease is this? Which of the following is not a lymphatic organ? IgG TCR, BCR Infectious diseases can be spread by any of the following ways except: The following is not a defense mechanism for infectious disease: The organism that attaches itself to healthy cells is called a/an: The virus that causes __________ also causes itchy, red bumps. Virulence, the degree to which a pathogen can cause disease, can be quantified by calculating either the ID50 or LD50 of a pathogen on a given population. Certain complement proteins kill foreign microbes by A(n) __________ infection is a small region of infection from which a pathogen may move to another part of the body to establish a second infection. Which of the following would be a virulence factor of a pathogen? *Neutrophils and macrophages are the main cells involved in the inflammatory response. have enzymes which react with antigens. False, False True or false: B Measles He has a fever of 38 C (100.4 F) and complains of nausea and a constant migraine. Bacterial toxins include endotoxin and exotoxins. 11. - cross blood placenta barrier One of the most important steps I can take to prevent exposure to bloodborn pathogens is to be mindful of my surroundings at all times in the clinical setting. toxic shock syndrome has been assiciated witht the use of what? OSHA is responsible for the general safety and well-being of employees in almost all workplace environments and is a part of the United States Department of Labor, "In regards to bloodborne pathogen awareness and exposure prevention, you are held to the level of accountability as any other person working in the healthcare setting.". C Athlete's foot and ringworm A person steps on a rusty nail and develops tetanus. *When an injury is not serious, the inflammatory response is short-lived and the healing process will quickly return the affected area to the normal state. False, True If all the words in a sentence are correct, write C after the sentence. 2. They use up nutrients and release wastes, preventing pathogenic bacteria from gaining a foothold. all of the following are common viginal infections except? rheumatoid arthritis Check all that apply Activation or inactivation of host cell DNA Binding to RNAs that silence genes Affect host cell DNA that is responsible for cytoskeleton organization Exchange of capsule genes between pathogen and host cell Secretion of . a type of white blood cell Explain how helminths evade the immune system. (b) liquid partition. Through a drop of infected blood on healthy skin. *IgE antibody levels rise in an parasite infection and would therefore be higher than normal. B. Section: 07.03, Cytotoxic T cells contain what type of molecules that punch holes in the plasma membranes of potential pathogens? B. at time of initial assignment and annually thereafter. Pages 35 Ratings 100% (6) 6 out of 6 people found this document helpful; An employee, who has an occupational exposure potential with blood or OPIM, does not need to notify their supervisor as to the existence of an open sore. The body will not be able to fight off the pathogen quickly, because it knows how to get into the body easier. neutral, passive rheumatic fever The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. 8 00:48:34 Multiple Choice Supergroup Amoebozoans - Giardia intestinalis (Giardiasis) Supergroup Amoebozoans - Entamoeba histolytica (Amoebiasis) Supergroup SAR - Plasmodium (Malaria) Supergroup Excavata. *(a) gas-liquid. *Lymphocytes are produced in the bone marrow and T lymphocytes travel to the thymus to mature. Which of the following is not a vaccine recommended for college students? Bloodborne pathogens areinfectious microorganisms in human blood that can cause disease in humans. B. leprosy-is a Mycobacterium leprae (a slow growing bacteria) #CarryOnLearning. One response of the human immune. although standard precautions apply to all potentially infections situations, TBPs are chosen based on the potential means of transmission of the disease or condition. A microbiologist has identified a new gram-negative pathogen that causes liver disease in rats. OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Quiz 1: Microorganisms & the Chain of Infection Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. acid pH of stomach Calculate the natural swinging period of the system. Section: 07.02, Inflammation is normally a self-limiting process. they act indiscriminately against all pathogens. A(n) __________ infection is a small region of infection from which a pathogen may move to another part of the body to establish a second infection. Answer- Excavata is a major supergroup of unicellular organisms . Section: 07.03, In antibody-mediated immunity where does the antigen first bind? Section: 07.02, Which of the following is not a sign of inflammation? Section: 07.02. Section: 07.03, Shaun was in need of a kidney transplant. endobj they work very, very quickly. Science; Biology; Biology questions and answers; Which of the following is the best storage solution for transporting a sputum sample containing a potential pathogen? D. fimbriae, 14. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Explain three reasons why biofilm formers are more pathogenic. *(c) ion. Blood is the only bodily fluid that can carry pathogens. True How often is bloodborne pathogens training required? If it were positive, the site of the test would become hardened and red. In an employer's exposure control plan, s/he is required to include a category called 'exposure determination'. It does not grow in the absence of oxygen. IgD antibodies signify the readiness of the B cells. False b. What is the minimum number of mirrors needed for this task? which of the following is a pathogen, risk is often presented as _________, which is a measure of the statistical likelihood that something will occur, generally speaking, as economic development occurs, the risk of exposure to indoor air pollution _______, and the impact of over consumption of food and tobacco _________, advocates of environmental justice seek which of the following, risks related to development spread evenly across all populations, You are working with a chemical, so to educate yourself about the chemical's hazard, you read its material safety data sheet (MSDS) the msds indicates that the LD50 for the chemical is 5 grams per kilogram body weight this LD50 indicates that____, Half of the animals tested died when given that dose of the chemical, Which of the following is a cryonic effect of exposure to a toxin, The process of risk assessment includes all of the following except, Weighing the risk against economic, social, and legal considerations, Although bisphenol (BPA) is found in plastics sold in the United States, the chemical has been banned in many countries because it is, thalidomide was banned because it was determined to be, leaded paint and gasoline are longer available in the US because lead is, which of the following pollutants is/are readily dissolved and transported in water, which of the following organisms runs the highest risk of harm as a result of the biological magnification of pollutants, which of the following diseases is spread via water containing infected human waste, how can a flu virus be more dangerous than the ebola virus, individuals infected with a flu virus tend to travel and spread the disease before they get sick, benefits that we draw from the environment, what disease is expected to become more widespread as a result of global climate change, prevent disease outbreaks and harm from natural disasters, air pollution causes considerable harm to human health, based on your understanding of how air pollution affects people, which of the following examples is most likely to cause harm, a carcinogen is released from gasoline while a car is being filled. Section: 07.05, Which of the following is not an autoimmune disease? All of the following are major forms of disease transmission except? adaptive, innate School Georgia State University; Course Title MATH 2212; Type. D. degrade cell membranes to allow pathogens to escape phagosomes, 13. The organism that attaches itself to healthy cells is called a/an: A virus. Explain how the current discovery of the presence of this reported P. aeruginosa could lead to a recurrence of nosocomial disease. B. capsule 2. Bacteria in a biofilm are coated in EPS and, therefore, are not easily treated with antibiotics. Section: 07.04. Brian goes to the hospital after not feeling well for a week. <>>> It is important to understand and follow your employer's policies regarding bloodborne pathogens. mononucleosis is most common amoung the elderly. The bacterium is probably which of the following? OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Quiz 2: Statistics & Pathophysiology Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. It is an injection of serum that contains antibodies. "As a student, I am NOT required to receive the Hepatitis B vaccination prior to starting my clinical rotations. x[ms6|fj 2sMnNhKM*] $ rdIX>Nvjc/_vbU/vk?OuSmsv.^]N_sy3bH,eY|d|g1s9{v1Ogti~9]WrV==j5,4?iG^~%k/ejP7-0_kK_}wNE=?2|y= w 6eiW2xl z{5jW,>pJE$Bfl^b'ddQ8odUpfct{KY|{U;&I$t zrs,# @-"*1.!c?]sr[z}jeOg_W/_,lR"=58Nx? In Model 1 a pathogen (virus, bacteria, foreign protein, parasite) has entered the bloodstream of an individual. A. degrade antibodies 31. is composed of normal flora. anything the immune system recognizes as foreign to the body Which of the following is NOT considered a bloodborne pathogen? *In severe combined immunodeficiency disease, both B and T cells are lacking. Can you place a MediaView in multiple Panes? Approximately how many people are affected by nosocomial infections each year in the United States? Section: 07.05, Which autoimmune disease is associated with an inflammatory response that can damage the heart muscle and valves? 24. Pathogens are microorganisms that cure disease. Salmonella is the name of a group of bacteria that causes the infection salmonellosis. *The Mantoux skin test uses the delayed allergic response to indicate exposure to tuberculosis. *Since viruses are not surrounded by a membrane, the membrane attack complex is ineffective against them. Question: 6, Exposures to bloodborne pathogens can occur from which of the following? A __________ cannot live without its host for very long. 5. An infection that was not found to be present prior to hospital admission. B Measles 28. AIDS and tuberculosis are not autoimmune disorders. There is currently no vaccination available for Hepatitis B. A person or population that comes in contact with a pathogen. Acupuncture is a form of alternative medicine that is used for pain relief. You also discover that it targets liver cells. it coats the surface of the pathogens to make them easily recognizable View the full answer IgG antibodies bind to pathogens, activate the compliment and enhance phagocytosis. In July 2015, a report was released indicating the gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found on hospital sinks 10 years after the initial outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit. Treating all human materials as if to be infected with bloodborne pathogens is called. (b) Would the toxin be able to cause diarrhea? IgD Which of the following would be a virulence factor of a pathogen? A difference between an acute disease and chronic disease is that chronic diseases have an extended period of __________. a. an aerotolerant anaerobe b. an obligate aerobe c. an obligate anaerobe d. a facultative anaerobe View Text Answer Jump To Question They release histamine which causes blood vessels to become permeable. Tuberculosis, rheumatic fever Two periods of acute disease are the periods of illness and period of decline. This mutation affects the A-subunit, preventing it from interacting with any host protein. 34. Immunity produced by the injection of gamma globulin is known as what? Diseases that involve biofilm-producing bacteria are of serious concern. - produces protease. Undifferentiated B-cells remain as memory cells. Which of the following is a pathogen that could not be identified by the original Kochs postulates? active Universal precautions c. Standard response a. Bacillus anthracis Something about names of all department personnel. They are not as easily treated compared with those involving free-floating (or planktonic) bacteria. In this context, this means B Virus Section: 07.02, What cell types are involved in the inflammatory response? This mutation affects the A-subunit, preventing it from interacting with any host protein. Where does the lymphatic system empty into the cardiovascular system? answer choices Virus Bacteria Fungi Parasite/Protist They are all alive Question 2 10 seconds Q. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). antibodies. OSHA mandates that all employers are required to develop an Exposure Plan outlining what steps are to be taken to prevent exposure to bloodborne pathogens. The page below is a sample from the LabCE course OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens. in a household with smokers, which of the following health outcomes is most likely to occur, if a family was exposed to arsenic over a long period of time, which of the following health outcomes would be most likely, nervous system disorders and problems in brain development leading to low IQ. HCG The larval form of Schistosoma mansoni uses a __________ to help it gain entry through intact skin. The glycoprotein adhesion gp120 on HIV must interact with __________ on some immune cells as the first step in the process of infecting the cell. people who were recently vaccinated for the flu. IgE, IgM Which of the following applies to hyaluronidase? Washing your hands is one of the main ways to prevent from getting sick. Diseases that involve biofilm-producing bacteria are of serious concern. - the virulence factors are: aflatoxin & gliotoxin C Protozoa 100% (2 ratings) 8) e) Mannose-binding lectin because this protein plays a very crucial role in the activation of the complementation pathway called the lectin pathway. produce antibodies. Explain. False, False -Cough etiquette Signs: fever Leishmania (Leishmaniasis) This problem has been solved! Section: 07.02. True is part of the inflammatory response. A Protozoans the purpose of a protective environment for highly immunosuppressed patient is prevent transmission of infection to patient, Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology: Cha, Radiation Protection Radiation Monitoring, Julie S Snyder, Linda Lilley, Shelly Collins. Section: 07.05, Human Anatomy Physiology Laboratory Manual Main Version, Anatomy and Physiology: An Integrative Approach, Michael McKinley, Theresa Bidle, Valerie O'Loughlin. T cells can recognize antigens because they Safety glasses are not necessary when working with BBP? The thymus cleanses the blood from the cardiovascular system of cellular debris and bacteria. Distinguish between the signs and symptoms of disease in Brian's case. Section: 07.03, Phil was exposed to parasitic worms on a recent field trip to the tropics. to avoid eating a high concentration of mercury, which food should you select, soybeans watered with water from the river, which of the following approaches could help reduce the risk of malaria in a city without introducing new risks to human populations, search for and remove items that could hold accumulated water. The length of each rod is about the same: assume 55cm55 \mathrm{~cm}55cm. Biofilm forms EPS, which allows the bacteria to remain attached to the host tissues. Noise Term The larval form of Schistosoma mansoni uses a __________ to help it gain entry through intact skin. IgD Pathogen A has an ID50 of 50 particles, pathogen B has an ID50 of 1,000 particles, and pathogen C has an ID50of 1 106 particles. C Mumps Antigenic __________ is the result of reassortment of genes responsible for the production of influenza virus spike proteins between different virus particles while in the same host, whereas antigenic __________ is the result of point mutations in the spike proteins. Number if studies suggest that these elevated concentrations can be traced back to emissions from rockets. The human leg can be compared to a physical pendulum, with a "natural" swinging period at which walking is easiest. ;N>!yOl9;F/QZ~>$l{i"ZIW&t"NJV\fpL[ #T&~3-#b|Cs?^(qVtRgCi)b/)VEf8*5a=b\UZA`p\-X4U%PoHq+*`4#.CG 6Bmt{#&K-S paiYWkv'LgeWIZ IV.# ^Y9+~q)_rAfbomv%el in putting on ppe, the first article to put on is the which of the following is not OSHA standard? Section: 07.03, What is the definition of an antigen? The new gorilla brought a virus that infects gorillas without causing disease, but is virulent to chimpanzees. creating interferon. involves chemical barriers to entry. In what position would you place a client in suspected hypovolemic shock? 36. IgM (c) What initiates the period of decline? Which period is the stage of disease during which the patient begins to present general signs and symptoms? Distinguish between the signs and symptoms of disease in Brians case. Which of the following are small cell masses where protective cells are stored? Lymph capillaries drain directly into the right lymphatic duct. (a) Would the toxin be able to enter into the intestinal epithelial cell? -Protective Equipment epinephrine 1. pain IgE neutrophils and macrophages Endotoxin is the lipid A component of the LPS of the gram-negative cell envelope. Consider the leg as two rods joined rigidly together at the knee; the axis for the leg is the hip joint. Ability to adhere to, colonize, or invade the host 3. Organisms that carry and pass on the pathogen without getting the disease, some types of escherichia coli are normal flora of the, the most important way to stop the spread of infection is through. Two types of toxins are hemolysins and leukocidins. What is the intensity of this light? B Fungi 7. which biological agent is not considered by terrorist for the mass destruction of people? eosinophils and basophils When the immune system fails to recognize its own body tissue and begins to attack it, it is known as what? *The correct order is: antigen binds to BCR; B cell activated; B cell divides; plasma cells form. What does this evidence tell you about this chemical? "Even indirect contact with HBV, such as getting spilled blood on a small cut on your hand, is considered a significant sourse of occupational exposure. a protein produced by plasma cells that attacks pathogens PCR u|m_0 O0"Nff ~#e D Viruses, Which childhood disease causes infantile paralysis? general All of the following diseases are primarily spread by animals or insects except? C Yeast infection Which of the following is not a bacteria disease? Bloodborne pathogens are: -Viruses and bacteria -micro-organisms -Carried in the blood -Transmitted by other potentially infectious materials Which of the following is NOT considered a bloodborne pathogen? 19. A microbiologist has identified a new gram-negative pathogen that causes liver disease in rats. 1 0 obj agglutinating them. *It is true that cytokines assist in regulating white blood cell formation. Exoenzymes and toxins allow pathogens to invade host tissue and cause tissue damage. 35. IgD neutral, active, active, passive 2 0 obj A communicable disease that can be easily transmitted from person to person is which type of disease? Identify the similarities and differences between a lake and a stream. complimentary Virulence factors contribute to a pathogens ability to cause disease. Which pathogen is non-living? Each line of The tile will have the following form: For example, suppose that the file contains the following lines: The output of the program should have the following appearance: Have the program obtain the file name from the command line. This page titled 15.E: Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity (Exercises) is shared under a CC BY 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by OpenStax via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. In what way are lymphatic vessels unlike veins in the cardiovascular system? Which of the following is a nonspecific defense against pathogens? Simple one-celled organisms that are the most powerful pathogens are what? False, False During an oral surgery, the surgeon nicked the patient's gum with a sharp instrument. normal flora (bacteria mostly), neutrophils and macrophages List the types of substances to which each of the following chromatographic methods is most applicable: B. promote pathogen spread through connective tissue. 1. In July 2015, a report1 was released indicating the gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found on hospital sinks 10 years after the initial outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit. all of the following may contribute to urinary tract infections except? % Question: 33 Which of the following protozoan supergroup - pathogen pairs is incorrect? C Fungus Humoral immunity: The B-cells produce an army of proteins is response to the pathogen. Phospholipases are enzymes that do which of the following? A. hemolysin Which of the following is an example of a noncommunicable infectious disease? *The purpose of a vaccination is to prevent an infection by causing active immunity. IgA C infection. Symptoms of a disease are subjective and are reported by the patient. True A bacterial infection called lyme disease is spread by what? What is the similarity between mitosis and meiosis? B red blood cells. a set of barrier mechanisms that adapts to specific pathogens after repeated exposure. A) alveolar macrophage - lungs B) microglial cells - brain 33 Which of the following protozoan supergroup - pathogen pairs is incorrect? Definition. True Suppose X is Poisson distributed with parameter =2.\lambda=2.=2. Describe how molecular Kochs postulates could be used to test this hypothesis. This allowed Streptococcus, a bacterium normally present in the mouth, to gain access to the blood. Based on these characteristics, how would you classify this toxin? False, False They are both forms of active immunity. Employees who have an occupational exposure risk to blood or OPIM are to be offered the hepatitis B vaccination at no cost. budding yeast with an elaborate capsule Cryptococcus neoformans causes a systemic infection primarily involving the lungs and central . It is composed mostly of protein, has high toxicity, and is not heat stable. 83209Bi{ }_{83}^{209} \mathrm{Bi}83209Bi or 96242Cm{ }_{96}^{242} \mathrm{Cm}96242Cm. C. marinates the cut-up pieces of raw chicken in the . Which of the following is not considered an administrative control to prevent or minimize BBP exposure? Which of the following is a major virulence factor for the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus? eosinophils Inactivate the gene so that fimbriae are no longer produced. plasma cells form; B cell activated; B cell divides; antigen binds to BCR The lymphatic system will play a role in defending the body against pathogens and maintaining a state of homeostasis. Imagine that a mutation in the gene encoding the cholera toxin was made. *The spleen cleanses the blood. The hallmark symptoms of meningitis include all of the following except? causing them to burst. What are pathogens? Needlesticks and other sharps-related injuries may expose workers to bloodborne pathogens. Bloodborne Pathogens Answer Key 1. a. a. pathogens b. nonpathogens c. opportunistic pathogens d. indigenous microflora e. saprophytes: Term. Which of the following are considered Personal Protective Equipment or PPE? If the acupuncture needles are not sterile, pathogens could enter skin tissue or blood vessels, potentially initiating an infection. Candida can invade tissue by producing the exoenzymes __________ and __________. Needlesticks and other sharps-related injuries may expose workers to bloodborne pathogens. 10. Learn more about OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens (online CE course) Which of the following is NOT classified as a bloodborne pathogen? 30. Section: 07.04. They are not as easily treated compared with those involving free-floating (or planktonic) bacteria. Which of the following is defined as a plant or animal so small it can only be seen with a microscope?

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